Radioactive Mercury, how does it become radioactive? Links
Radioactive Mercury, Thimerosal, how does that happen? Is this a recycled product that is put into the vaccines? Mercury is border line radioactive in nature. What causes it to be radioactive, unless it is recycled metals used in vaccinations to increase profits to the drug manufacturer. Just a thought that more research on the mercury used in drug products should be more closely monitored. by Donna Young
Comments of others:
"The genes come from the biotechnologist's friend, the bacterium Escherichia coli, which perhaps surprisingly for a bacterium that lives in the hospitable environment of the human gut can detoxify ionic mercury.
The Bethesda team found that they could combine the mercury-detoxifying genes with specialized toluene-degrading
genes
taken from the harmless soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida. The end result is a strain of Deinococcus
that converts mercury,
breaks down toluene to use as a source of carbon and energy, and does all this while thriving at radiation
levels that no other
organism can resist.
References
Brim, H., McFarlan, S. C., Fredrickson, J. K., Minton, K. W., Zhai, M., Wackett, L. P. & Daly, M. J. Engineering Deinococcus radiodurans for metal remediation in radioactive mixed waste environments Nature Biotechnology 18, 85 - 90 (2000).
http://www.nature.com/nsu/000106/000106-8.html
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Is Mercury Toxicity an Autoimmune Disorder?
by Keith W. Sehnert, M.D., Gary Jacobson, D.D.S., Kip Sullivan, J.D.
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Autoimmune Disorders
The diagnostic arena now occupied by autoimmune disorders provides us with terms that could be best described as "alphabet soup." Such problems include RA (rheumatoid arthritis), HT (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), HAD (human adjuvant disease), MS (multiple sclerosis), ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or, more commonly, Lou Gehrig's disease) and MCTD (mixed connective tissue disease).
Should we now add MT (mercury toxicity)?
These conditions plus others, such as Crohn's disease, Raynaud's disease, systemic candidiasis, diabetes, and even Alzheimer's disease are now believed by many to be autoimmune disorders.
When patients are afflicted with such disorders, they come into their physician's office with all, or some, of these symptoms:
· generalized morning stiffness,
· skin rashes,
· dry eyes and mouth,
· joint pain,
· immune dysfunction,
· axillary lymph node swelling,
· subcutaneous nodules
(skin bumps),
· neurological symptoms
(ringing in ears, burning and numbness sensations),
· chronic fatigue,
· depression and/or environmental sensitivities.
The clinical assessment usually shows a connective tissue disorder, the result of the immune system attacking the tissues of the body. The immune elements of T-lymphocytes, B-cells and "PAC-man" cells, instead of attacking bacterial, viral and yeast fungal invaders, attack the cells of the thyroid (HT), joint surfaces (RA), peripheral vascular bed (Raynaud's) or the skin cells with patches across the nose and cheeks (lupus erythematosus).
There are no simple answers for this perplexing group of problems, yet insights are beginning to arrive on the clinical horizon that may indicate why T-cell mediated lesions are developed and a screening questionnaire has been developed to help assess this problem (see Mercury/Toxic Metal Sensitivity Questionnaire). Patients who score more than five "yeses" should be referred to a dentist familiar with "silver" amalgam removal.
Any filling in the mouth that looked silver when it was new and is gray or black now is probably 50% mercury, the rest being copper, silver, tin, and zinc. There are numerous amalgam mixes on the market. They have names like Dispersalloy®, Spheraloy®, Sybralloy®, and Tytin®. The mercury content ranges from 43 to 54%.1 Although these fillings are commonly called silver fillings because they look silver for the first few days of the eight to twelve years they survive in the average human head, mercury fillings would be a more accurate label. (And speaking of accurate labels, the origins of the word mercury are both interesting and provocative. Mercury was the God of Commerce in the Roman Empire and meant fabrication, trickery, thieving and slight of-hand.) In this article the more formal term "amalgam" is used. The name "amalgam" reflects the ability of mercury to bind or amalgamate powdered silver and other metals into a hard filling.
Evidence that these fillings give systemic pathology as well as periodontal disease exists. In one study it was observed that when 50 subjects without amalgams were compared to 51 subjects with amalgams, there was a greater incidence of problems in the latter group. They experienced greater incidence of chest pains, tachycardia, anemia, fatigue and tendency to tire easily. They also had significantly higher blood pressure, lower heart rate and lower hemoglobin.2
A study in Canada has shown that pregnant sheep with new silver amalgams have elevated levels of mercury in their fetuses within two weeks of placement of the fillings. Further studies on monkeys showed the same findings. These studies were done by Vimy, Takahasi and Lorscheider at the University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine.3
http://www.thorne.com/townsend/oct/mercury.html
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http://www.gfredlee.com/putahcr_merc.pdf
radioactive mercury
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Mercury accumulates in the thyroid, and it attaches to iodine...
"By 16 days after amalgam placement the maternal mercury levels were highest in the kidney, liver, G.I. tract, and thyroid. The mercury levels in the fetus were highest in the pituitary, liver, kidney, and placental cotyledon.
3) At 33 days after amalgam placement (birthtime), most fetal tissues had higher levels of mercury than
the maternal tissues.
Specifically, the fetal liver, epiphysial bone, bile, bone marrow, blood, and brain.
4) During lactation there was 8 times more mercury in the milk than maternal blood serum. This resulted
in an increase in mercury
exposure to the neonate.
http://www.loosechange.tv/mdlies/mercury_facts.htm
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radio active mercury
http://www.mercurypoisoned.com/hearings/mercury_toxicity_from_dental_amalgams_and_thimerosal.html
Opinion Report on Mercury Toxicity from Dental Amalgams and
Presented to Congressional Hearing 8 May 2003
By
Boyd E. Haley, Ph.D.
Professor and Chairman of the Department of Chemistry
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 50606-005
In developing an opinion on mercury toxicity from exposures to dental amalgam and thimerosal I have
reviewed toxicologic data
relevant to animal and human studies to environmental mercury, methylmercury, thimerosal and exposure
to mercury from
amalgam fillings.
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The earth's crust is also an important source of mer-
cury for bodies of natural water. Some of this mercury is
undoubtedly of natural origin, but some may have been
deposited from the atmosphere and may ultimately have been
generated by human activities (Lindqvist et al., 1984).
Thus, it is difficult to assess quantitatively the rela-
tive contributions of natural and anthropogenic mercury to
run-off from land to natural bodies of water. Data con-
cerning mercury in the general environment and in food
have been reviewed in Environmental Health Criteria 101:
Methylmercury (WHO, 1990).
3.2. Man-made sources
The worldwide mining of mercury is estimated to yield
about 10 000 tonnes/year. Mining activities result in
losses of mercury through the dumping of mine tailings and
direct discharges to the atmosphere. The Almaden mercury
mine in Spain, which accounts for 90% of the total output
of the European Community, was expected to produce 1380
tonnes in 1987 (Seco, 1987). Other important sources are
the combustion of fossil fuel, the smelting of metal sul-
fide ores, the refining of gold (sometimes under very
primitive conditions), the production of cement, refuse
incineration, and industrial metal applications. The
emissions of mercury to the atmosphere in Sweden in 1984
were estimated to be as follows (in kg/year): incineration
of household waste (3300), smelting (900), chloralkali
industry (400), crematories (300), mining (200), combus-
tion of coal and peat (200), other sources (200) (Swedish
Environmental Protection Board, 1986). Analogous data for
the estimated atmospheric emissions of mercury in the
United Kingdom were (in kg/year): fossil fuel combustion
(25 500), production and use of articles containing mer-
cury (10 100), municipal waste incineration (5900), non-
ferrous metal production (5000), cement manufacture
(2500), iron and steel production (1800), sewage sludge
incineration (500) (Dean & Suess, 1985). In developing
countries the emissions from industry and mining may be
much greater. For example, the emission to water from one
single chloralkali plant in Nicaragua in 1980 was 24 kg
per day (9 tonnes/year) (Velasquez et al., 1980). It was
estimated that 450 g of mercury was emitted per tonne of
soda produced in six chloroalkali plants in Argentina, and
the quantity of mercury released in the environment was
about 86 tonnes/year (Gotelli, 1989).
The total global release of mercury to the atmosphere
due to human activities has been estimated to be of the
order of 2000-3000 tonnes/year (Lindberg et al., 1987;
Pacyna, 1987). It should be stressed that there are con-
siderable uncertainties in the estimated fluxes of mercury
in the environment and in its speciation. Concentrations
in the unpolluted atmosphere and in natural bodies of
water are so low that they are near the limit of detection
of current analytical methods, even for the determination
of total mercury.
Although amounts of mercury resulting from human ac-
tivities may be quite small relative to global emissions,
the anthropogenic release of elemental metal mercury into
confined areas was the source of the poisoning outbreaks
in Minamata and Niigata (WHO, 1976).
3.3. Uses
A major use of mercury is as a cathode in the elec-
trolysis of sodium chloride solution to produce caustic
soda and chlorine gas, which has important uses in the
paper-pulp industry. It should be noted that all the elec-
trolytic products (hydrogen, chlorine, sodium hydroxide,
sodium hypochlorite, and hydrochloric acid) are contami-
nated with mercury (Gotelli, 1989). These substances are
important in the economy of other industrial activities
and the presence of mercury can contaminate other prod-
ucts. About 50 tonnes of liquid metal are used in each
manufacturing plant. In most industrialized countries,
stringent procedures have been taken to reduce losses of
mercury. Mercury is widely used in the electrical industry
(lamps, arc rectifiers, and mercury battery cells), in
control instruments in the home and industry (switches,
thermostats, barometers), and in other laboratory and
medical instruments. It is also widely used in the dental
profession for tooth amalgam fillings. Other therapeutic
agents, such as teething powders, ointments, and laxa-
tives, contain inorganic mercury (ATSDR, 1989), as do some
antihistaminic preparations sold in Italy (EDIMED, 1989).
Organic mercury compounds continue to be used in anti-
fouling and mildew-proofing latex paints and to control
fungus infections of seeds, bulb plants, and vegetation.
The World Health Organization has warned against the use
of alkylmercury compounds in seed dressing (WHO, 1976).
One of the uses of liquid metallic mercury that may
have a serious impact on health is the extraction of gold
from ore concentrates or from recycled gold articles.
Reports from China (Wu et al., 1989) indicate high ex-
posure in the vicinity of "cottage industry" operations
of this type, and Villaluz (1988) reported that 50 000
people may be exposed around small scale gold mining oper-
ations in Indonesia, Kampuchea, the Philippines, and
Viet Nam. The same problem also occurs in Brazil and
Colombia. The release of elemental mercury from these
activities is about 120 tonnes/year in Brazil (Gotelli,
1989).
3.4. Dental amalgam in dentistry
WHO (1976) estimated that in industrial countries
about 3% of the total consumption of mercury was used for
dental amalgam. Amalgam has been used extensively as a
tooth-filling material for more than 150 years and
accounts for 75-80% of all single tooth restorations
(Bauer & First, 1982; Wolff et al., 1983). It has been
estimated that each American dentist in private practice
uses on average 0.9-1.4 kg of amalgam per year (Naleway et
al., 1985).
Most conventional silver amalgams consist of a 1:1
mixture of metallic mercury and an alloy powder consisting
of silver (about 70% by weight), tin (about 25%), and
smaller amounts of copper (1-6%) and zinc (0-2%). A modern
type of silver amalgam is also available, containing
higher amounts of copper (up to about 25%). At the time of
trituration (mixing), the amalgam generally contains simi-
lar weights of alloy powders and mercury. Excess mercury
(< 5%) is removed immediately before or at the conden-
sation of the plastic amalgam mix in the prepared tooth
cavity. The amalgam begins to set within minutes of inser-
tion and therefore needs to be carved to satisfactory
anatomic form within this period of time. Finishing (e.g.,
polishing) with rotating instruments can take place after
setting for 24 h, but continuing hardening of amalgam
restorations takes place over many months (ADA, 1985;
Enwonwu, 1987; SOS, 1987).
Previously, amalgam was usually prepared with mortar
and pestle. The amalgam mixture was thereafter placed on
a cloth filter and squeezed to expel excess mercury. This
method of handling amalgam easily vapourizes mercury and
there is also a risk of spillage. The technique is still
in use in some countries (section 9.5.2.2). The modern,
safer method for the preparation of amalgam involves
mixing the alloy with mercury in a sealed capsule. This
decreases the occupational exposure substantially (Harris
et al., 1978; Skuba, 1984).
A second type of dental amalgam is the so-called
"copper amalgam" used mostly in paediatric dentistry
until a few decades ago. This material contained 60-70%
mercury and 30-40% copper, and was prepared by open
heating in the dental surgery. This process naturally gave
rise to considerable occupational mercury vapour exposure.
http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc118.htm
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contact: Donna Young, Mother and Grandmother
Home: www.lotusbirth.com
References of research: www.lotusbirth.com/doc/FEB2003Lotusbirth-110.htm
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