World Health Organization's Position on Cord Clamping and Drugging Women! (WHO) 1996-2002
Dupont, a medical supply corporation, as to their quoted statements of the World Health Organization, has provided a tool that may be used as though a weapon by clamping and cutting an otherwise functioning umbilical cord. The visual evidence of clamping a functioning umbilical cord is that cord stem cell blood banks report 60 to 180 ml of blood then drained from the placenta, that otherwise ought to be inside the baby, rather then in their stem cell collection. For Reference this url is: www.lotusbirth.com/doc/FEB2003Lotusbirth-161.htm) Updated: April 6, 2004
Please visit our Petition To Protect Babies and Mothers Too at:
www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/102580814
This is to stop harvesting of baby's placenta blood.
Dupont's clamping and cutting tool that fails to warn of causing of anemic condition in babies, if
they are early
clamped, has a built in
shield to prevent blood splattering on the medical person involved in clamping a firm, red,
pulsating cord.
http://www.umbicut.com/supporting_data.html
The other links are at the end, as well.
The likely result of the endangering to the child will be one in sixteen children having
to be revived of lack of volume
and pressure of blood in their tiny bodies. This is the survey done in Canada. There are now commencing
some civil
suits that will be including early umbilical cord clamping without the parents having the information
necessary to
stop that, for their baby, whether born prematurely, or by a c-section or vaginal birth. The consequences
of
damaged children, compromised, subtle to serious, becomes, more frequently then not, the burden of the
taxpayers
in higher costs in medical services and education costs. Prevention is worth a pound of cure.
The family is often
burden and cannot help their child or children in special education for the child to be able to have
some hope of
independence.
If a warning of early clamping on the infant's lifeline, is needed, please contact the supplier of
the tool, that can
otherwise be used as weapon, in order to harvest the baby of placenta stem cells. The placenta blood,
of many
valuable nutrients including the extraction of stem cells, are sold to the highest bidder and the placenta
is sold, as
well, for its membrane and its nutrients that obtained by grinding up the placenta for extraction of
hormones and
enzymes. See list of references of that fact of selling placenta and stem cell blood, at
www.lotusbirth.com/doc/FEB2003Lotusbirth-110.htm
The persons selling the umbicut clamp, can be reached at:
STARBURST TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Postal address:
P.O. Box 658 West Caldwell, New Jersey, 07006 U.S.A.
Fax: 001 973 227 3756
E-mail: info@umbicut.com
This is the open letter I sent to this firm:
Date: December 9, 2003
Reply Requested. Thank you.
Concerns of Donna Young, President, Natural Birth Education, that a medical supply corporation, as
to statements of
the World Health Organization, links below, Dupont, provides a tool that may be used as though a weapon
by
clamping and cutting an otherwise functioning umbilical cord. web site: www.lotusbirth.com
FACTS:
Dupont developed the Umbilical Cord clamping tool, that clamps and cuts instantly an infant's still
pulsating
umbilical cord. The tool has a built in shield to prevent blood splattering on the medical person involved
in clamping
a firm, red, pulsating cord.
http://www.umbicut.com/supporting_data.html The links are at the end, as well.
CANADIAN CRIMINAL CODE, COMMON NUISANCE Section #180 and Bodily harm and endangering to a child under
the age of 10.
The likely result of the endangering to the child will be one in sixteen children having to be revived
because of lack of
volume and pressure of blood in their tiny bodies.
Civil suits are often the burden of the taxpayers in higher costs in medical services and education
costs. Prevention
is worth a pound of cure.
If a warning of early clamping on the infant's lifeline, is needed, please contact the supplier of
the tool, that can
otherwise be used as weapon, in order to harvest the baby of stem cells, sold, and the placenta sold
as well. See list
of references of that fact of selling placenta and stem cell blood, at www.lotusbirth.com/doc/FEB2003Lotusbirth-110.htm
The persons selling the clamp, can be reached at:
STARBURST TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Postal address:
P.O. Box 658 West Caldwell, New Jersey, 07006 U.S.A.
Fax: 001 973 227 3756
E-mail:info@umbicut.com
Please see this Petition site:
www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/102580814
Your perceived duty is to put a warning that 20 to 50 percent total blood volume may be deprived
the infant. Only 20
percent deprivation can cause shock, even death.
See this case-law: chow-case-law, Ontario, Canada, Sommers and Roth. Available at {HYPERLINK
"http://www.lotusbirth.com"} www.lotusbirth.com or on the internet.
Also, A 9-pound infant, of full 9-months gestation only creates a total of 10 ounces of blood (300
ml), to take 50
percent away, is causing oxygen debt to some cell and nutrient deprivation for a child that needs this
blood in the
expanding lungs. (Reference: Vol. B, (Blood) World Book Encyclopedia, page 324, 1979. (Note: WBE's current
edition on the Net, is not as specific).
To quote your W.H.O. information, I question the reasons given, where did you find this?
In two articles; "Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence"
"article1.htm"}
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
and "Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth
Care" "article2.htm"}
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM96-24/msm9624.htm
the authors, and the conclusions
and recommendations, state that early or relatively early clamping of the cord is mandatory after oxytocin
administration is practiced.
The reason for this statement is to avoid the transfer of different drugs, (administered to the mother during childbirth), to the newborn via the Umbilical Cord. The practice of administering drugs to the mother during childbirth is common in most developed countries . In developing countries or home childbirth, when no drugs are used, it is suggested that clamping be delayed, even until cessation of peristaltic movements in the cord.
NOTE: I, personally, did not find this explanation when I reviewed these
web sites.
Thank you for your cooperation in placing warnings on the correct use of the clamp. The cord should
be white, silver
limp and not-pulsating, ideally, patiently, waiting for the placenta to be born. The mother must be
told no clamping or
cutting of the cord is a required medical need, unless the cord tore or for placenta previa. These are
rare conditions,
requiring, further investigation of medical negligence if they do happen.
Please reply:
Donna Young
dyoung@pris.ca
For your research information:
Who will compensate the victimized babies, weakened by deprivation from 20 to 50 percent total blood
volume.
Twenty percent to a tiny baby, that may have other injuries from birth, may be sufficient to cause stroke,
heart attack,
even death. This is not best practice possible to have equal chances for life advantages and equal
competition for
education and choice of careers. But I guess that is the plan, as long as the parents are none-the-wiser,
or the
greater members of our sleeping society.
The Survivor of the Fittest are the most informed on child birth, and three generations of mothers
just got the
satisfaction of having "living" babies, not the blue-ribbon-babies, planned by nature. However,
the informed, may not
have protection from militancy of medical persons pre-determined all babies give up their blood for
the medical
needs of their profession, surrounded now by transplants and the need of blood, and research that gets
them
available taxpayers medical research grants, but without protecting the individual of no harm done,
or exploiting,
such as babies now are world wide.
Recently, a mother informed, but not having a home birth, in warm water, her fist baby, trusted the
doctors not to be
angry at her decision not to have any cord clamping. They got even, they alleged a need to push her
baby back into
her womb for a face up presentation of birth. They tore her insides, terribly. She had to have
a colotomy done, now
she is fighting for her life of other infections, likely the flesh eating disorders. At this date,
her fate is undecided, but
she is looking aged, not the youthful 32 year old having the joy of her first baby. December 8,
2003 update.
http://www.umbicut.com/supporting_data.html
W.H.O RECOMMENDATION - TREATMENT OF THE UMBILICAL CORD IN CHILDBIRTH
The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized in three recent publications regarding
childbirth, various
relevant recommendations on newborn healthcare procedures, including the treatment of the Umbilical
Cord:
W.H.O: Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence, 1999.
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
World Health Organization. Essential newborn care. Report of a technical working group (Trieste,
25-29 April 1994).
Geneva: WHO, Division of Reproductive Health (Technical Support), 1996
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_96_24/MSM_96_24_Chapter5.en.html
5. CARE DURING THE THIRD STAGE OF LABOUR
5.1 Background
In this stage of labour placental separation and expulsion
take place; for the mother the main risks are
haemorrhage during or after separation of the placenta, and retention of the placenta. Postpartum haemorrhage
is
one of the main causes of maternal mortality; the large majority of these cases occur in developing
countries (Kwast
1991).
The incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and retention of the placenta is
increased if predisposing factors are
present, such as multiple pregnancy or polyhydramnios, and complicated labour: augmentation of labour,
obstructed labour, or vaginal operative delivery (Gilbert et al 1987). Postpartum haemorrhage and placental
retention
also occur more frequently if these complications were present in the obstetric history of the woman
(Doran et al
1955, Hall et al 1987, WHO 1989).
To a certain extent therefore it is possible to select during pregnancy and
in the course of labour those women
with an increased risk of complications in the third stage. But even in low-risk pregnancies and after
an uneventful
first and second stage of labour serious haemorrhage and/or placental retention may sometimes occur.
The
management of the third stage may influence the incidence of these complications, and the amount of
blood lost.
Several measures aiming at the prevention of complications have been proposed, have been tested in randomized
trials and are discussed below.
5.2 Prophylactic use of Oxytocics
Oxytocics may be given prophylactically at various moments
during the third stage. Most often they are
administered intramuscularly immediately with the delivery of the anterior shoulder, or after
delivery of the infant .
The drugs usually given, and investigated in trials, are oxytocin and ergot
derivatives like ergometrine, or a
combination of the two, syntometrine (Daley 1951, McGinty 1956, Friedman 1957, Newton et
al 1961, Howard et al
1964, Hacker and Biggs 1979, Rooney et al 1985, Prendiville et al 1988, Thornton et al 1988, Begley
1990).
Both oxytocin and ergot derivatives decrease the estimated postpartum
blood loss*, but the effect of ergot seems
to be somewhat less than the effect of oxytocin. The effect on retention of the placenta is not yet
quite clear, although
there are some
data suggesting that routine oxytocics may increase the risk of retained placenta
.
(Stopping blood loss -Does the muscle contracting oxytocin stop bleeding? These
are the comments from Donna
Young. I note that the platelets and the
hormone serotonin
are involved to seal up blood vessels and heal wounds.
To quote:
"When tissues are damaged, the platelets disintegrate, releasing serotonin. The serotonin constricts the blood vessels and prevents more bleeding. Serotonin is also present in the brain and intestinal tract." (World Book, Vol S-SN, page 248, 1979).
The hormone job of oxytocin is not a blood vessel sealer. Oxytocin purpose
is to be a muscle contractor, it closes
down the womb and it works to bring in the breast milk. That's it. But most mothers are
injected with oxytocins on
the pretense they are feared they may bleed too much and oxytocin stops the bleeding. This is
misinformation.
The facts are oxytocin may cause the rupture or tearing of the placenta because
it may be full of the infant's
deprived blood if the medical person did hasty umbilical cord clamping. The strong harsh contractions
on a full
placenta, by oxytocin may cause the actual increased bleeding and wounding.
The mothers blood and the baby's deprived blood will then mix together, if the
placenta ruptures. This will cause
the mother future problems, even to carry another child, full term. The placenta may be trapped
in the womb by the
quickness of the muscles closing down around it, requiring an operation to remove it.
Oxytocins may be a beneficial selling profit to the drug companies, but I think
it is far over rated to be considered
healthy to the child or the mother. Oxytocins, are a synthetic drug with questionable preservatives
and trace
elements in it. The oxytocin cause harsh long close together labor contractions, not natural,
and unhealthy for the
baby to get oxygen.
Many babies go into to distress, then are requiring a c-section, if they are to
live at all. That is a lot of drugs to be
crossing over the placenta to such a tiny child.
Sometimes, so the mother does not feel the harsh contractions, she is given morphine
with the oxytocin.
Can any drug that crosses the placenta be beneficial to the child? They
can cause an allergic reaction to the
mother so no dosage is safe, to her or to the baby.
The mothers are wiser to choose alternative undrugged warm water births and leave
the drugs alone. Those that
have chosen this option have had positive birth experiences. See Dr. Sarah Buckley's Declaration
at this web site.
The World Health Organization, continues:
"Complications of oxytocics are nausea, vomiting, headache and hypertension postpartum.
These complications occur more often with ergot derivatives.
Moreover, rare but serious maternal morbidity has been associated with oxytocics,
especially with ergometrine:
cardiac arrest and intracerebral haemorrhage, myocardial infarction, postpartum eclampsia and pulmonary
oedema.
Because these events are so rare, randomized trials cannot give useful information
about the extent to which they
may be attributed to oxytocics.
The available evidence suggests that oxytocin is a better
choice than ergot derivatives.
Moreover, in tropical countries oxytocin is more stable
than ergometrine or methylergometrine (Hogerzeil et al
1992, 1994).
Because in many developing countries the administration
of oral tablets would be much easier, and the tablets
would be more stable than injections under tropical conditions, a randomized study was undertaken to
investigate
the influence of oral tablets of ergometrine immediately after birth.
The outcome was disappointing: compared with a
placebo the medication had little demonstrable effect on blood
loss after childbirth (De Groot et al 1996).
5.3 Controlled Cord Traction
Controlled cord traction involves traction on the cord,
combined with counterpressure upwards on the uterine
body by a hand placed immediately above the symphysis pubis. In two controlled trials this procedure
has been
compared with less active approaches, sometimes entailing fundal pressure (Bonham
1963, Kemp 1971).
In the controlled traction groups a lower mean blood loss and shorter third
stages were found, but the trials do not
provide sufficient data to warrant definite conclusions about the occurrence of postpartum haemorrhage
and
manual removal of the placenta. In one trial patient discomfort was less if controlled traction
was used. However,
in
3% the cord was ruptured during controlled cord traction. A rare but serious complication associated
with controlled
cord traction is inversion of the uterus.
Although the association might be with a wrong application of the method,
the o
ccurrence of inversion of the
uterus still is a matter of concern.
The above mentioned trials have apparently gathered data on women in a
supine position
.
The impression of midwives attending deliveries with the woman in the upright
position during the second and
third stage is that the third stage is shorter and placental separation is easier, although
the loss of blood is more than
in the supine position.
However, apart from blood loss, these aspects have not been investigated
in randomized trials.
Presumably controlled cord traction as described in the textbooks
would be more difficult to perform in the
upright position.
5.4 Active Versus Expectant Management of the Third Stage
The combined effects of oxytocics and controlled cord
traction are sometimes summarized by the term "active
management of the third stage", as opposed to expectant or physiological management.
Sometimes early clamping of the cord is included too, especially
because in
controlled cord traction early
clamping is mandatory.
However, because the main effects of this procedure relate to the newborn we shall deal with
that aspect separately.
In the literature active management of the third stage
compares favourably with expectant management, mainly
because postpartum haemorrhage occurs less often and haemoglobin levels postpartum are higher (Prendiville
et al
1988, Harding et al 1989, Begley 1990, Thigalathan et al 1993).
The results with respect to the frequency of blood transfusion and manual removal
of the placenta are not identical
in the two largest trials, in Bristol and Dublin (Prendiville et al 1988, Begley 1990).
I
n both trials active management resulted in more nausea, vomiting and hypertension, probably caused
by the use
of ergometrine.
Some remarks on these findings may be justified. Postpartum
haemorrhage is defined by WHO as blood loss >=
500 ml (WHO 1990). The diagnosis is made by a clinical estimate of blood loss;
such an assessment of the amount of
blood often causes a significant underestimation.
Apparently the definition is influenced by the fact that in
large parts of the world 500 ml of blood loss (or even less)
is a real threat to the life of many women, mainly because of the high prevalence of severe anaemia.
Nevertheless, if meticulously measured, the mean blood loss at vaginal delivery
is around 500 ml, and about 5% of
women delivering vaginally lose more than 1000 ml of blood (Pritchard et al 1962,
Newton 1966, De Leeuw et al 1968,
Letsky 1991).
In the Bristol trial (Prendiville et al 1988) 18% of the group of women with
a physiological management of the third
stage had blood loss >= 500 ml, and only 3% lost > 1000 ml.
In a healthy population (as is the case in most developed
countries) postpartum blood loss up to 1000 ml may be
considered as physiological, and does not necessitate treatment other than oxytocics. However,
in many developing
countries other standards may be applied. The 500 ml limit as defined by WHO should be considered an
alert line;
the action line is then reached when vital functions of the woman are endangered. In healthy women this
usually
only occurs after blood loss >1000 ml. This distinction is crucial in the light of efforts to
minimise unnecessary blood
transfusion and its associated risks, including HIV infection.
Definite conclusions about the value of active management
of the third stage in healthy low-risk populations
cannot yet be drawn. The term "active management" is used for a combination of various interventions
with different
effects and side-effects. All trials of expectant versus active management were carried out in centres
where active
management was the normal practice. A trial is needed in a setting where both expectant and active management
are
normal procedures.
The occurrence of serious but rare complications (
cardiac complications, eclampsia, inversion of the uterus, etc.)
cannot be studied in randomized trials, but might nevertheless be of major importance if and when active
management is recommended for large populations.
Serious doubts are justified about the routine prophylactic use of ergometrine or a combination of
oxytocin and
ergometrine, and also about controlled cord traction as a routine procedure.
In conclusion, oxytocin administration immediately after
delivery of the anterior shoulder, or after delivery of the
infant, seems advantageous, especially in women with increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage or in
women
endangered by even a small amount of blood loss, for instance women with severe anaemia.
Doubts remain about the combination with controlled cord traction, and about the routine application
in healthy
low-risk women.
Recommendation of such a policy would imply that the benefits of this management
would offset and even exceed
the risks, including potentially rare but serious risks that might become manifest in the future.
In our opinion it is
too early to recommend this form of active management of the third stage for all normal low-risk
deliveries, although we note the earlier recommendations made by WHO (1990, 1994c)
.
If for various reasons active management is employed, a number of questions remain
unresolved, particularly
regarding the optimal timing of prophylactic oxytocin injections.
5.5 Timing of Cord Clamping
The umbilical cord
can be clamped immediately after birth or at a later moment
, and this may have effects on the
mother and the infant (Prendiville and Elbourne 1989).
The effects on the mother have been studied in some trials (Dunn et al 1966,
Botha 1968, Nelson et al 1980).
There was no evidence of a significant effect of the timing of cord clamping
on the incidence of postpartum
haemorrhage or on feto-maternal transfusion. The effects on the newborn have been studied by observational
studies and randomized trials.
There are a number of observations on the effects of the
timing of cord clamping on the neonate (Buckels and
Usher 1965, Spears et al 1966, Yao et al 1971,
Nelson et al 1980).
If after birth the infant is placed at the level of the vulva or below
that level for three minutes before clamping the
cord, this results in a shift of about
80 ml of blood from the placenta to the infant
(Yao et al 1971, 1974, Dunn 1985).
The erythrocytes in this volume of blood will soon be destroyed by haemolysis,
but this provides about 50 mg of
iron to the infant's reserve and reduces the frequency of iron-deficiency anaemia later in infancy (Michaelsen
et al
1995, Pisacane 1996).
Theoretically
this transfusion of blood from the placenta to the infant
might cause
hypervolaemia, polycythemia
and hyperviscosity, and also hyperbilirubinaemia. These effects have been studied in a number of trials (Prendiville
and Elbourne 1989).
Glossary:
polycythaemia
. This is a condition in which the blood
contains too many red cells
and haematocrit
(packed cell volume) exceeds 65%. Babies affected are, infants of
diabetic mothers
, light-for-date babies, recipients
of a twin to twin transfusion, recipients of a large maternofetal transfusion..
Polycythaemia is
a cause
of neonatal jaundice
as the baby
must destroy the excess red cells
. In extreme cases it
may be necessary to perform a partial exchange transfusion using plasma in order to reduce the haematocrit. Myles
Textbook for Midwives, P 517, 1989, edited by V. Ruth Bennett, Linda K. Brown. (Septicaemia. Some
types of sepis
will cause haemolysis
and therefore predispose to jaundice.)
Polycythemia vera is a myeloproliferative disorder, apparently
due to an abnormal stem cell clone, which results in
increased red cell mass, usually with concomitant increases in white cell and platelet counts. It
is a disease of later
life, with a median age at presentation of about 60 years. p. 533, 534,
Martindale
, 31st edition, 1996. Treatment is
blood-letting, phlebotomy. When the drug
Chlorambucil
was used
there was a high incidence of leukaemia in
patients so treated
. (2), Berk PD, et al. Increased incidence of polycythemia vera associated with chlorambucil
therapy . N. Engl J Med 1981; 304:441-7.
hypervolaemia, is shock by blood loss
Babies born after early cord clamping have lower haemoglobin values and haematocrits.
With respect to neonatal
respiratory disturbances there were no significant differences between the two management practices.
Neonatal
bilirubin levels were lower after early cord clamping, but no clinically relevant differences between
the two practices
were noticed, and no differences in neonatal morbidity.
Late clamping (or not clamping
at all ??)
is the physiological way of treating the cord,
and
early clamping is an
intervention that needs justification.
The "transfusion" of blood from the placenta to the infant, if the cord is clamped late,
is physiological, and adverse
effects of this transfusion are improbable, at least in normal cases.
After an abnormal pregnancy or labour, for instance in rhesus sensitization or
preterm birth, late clamping may
cause complications, (???) but
in normal birth there should be a valid reason to interfere with the natural procedure.
If
controlled cord traction after oxytocin administration is practised
, as is the case in many obstetric departments
worldwide,
early or relatively early clamping of the cord is mandatory .
However,
where late clamping is taught and practised, i.e. after the pulsations of the cord have ceased,
usually
after about 3-4 minutes, adverse effects have not been recorded.
In addition, recent research supports late clamping, because it may
prevent iron deficiency anaemia in childhood ,
which might be of special importance in developing countries (Michaelsen et al 1995,
Pisacane 1996).
Although at present there is insufficient evidence on which to decide
between early and late clamping, this issue
clearly deserves more attention. "
(Comments of Donna Young, Natural Birth Education:
The World Health Organization failed to uphold no form of discrimination to women and the best practice possible to the care and treatment of the child. There was no statement of directives for informed choice for the mother to have a natural birth education and practice. They have not supported warm water births to replace drugs and no clamping of the umbilical cord, and no supine birth positions or back positions that close the birth canal up to 30 percent. The World Health Organization do not mention the right of all women to have a signed Birth Contract of what cannot be done to her body to birth a baby or not to touch her child aggressively; nor her right to have no injections of drugs of any kind to the mother or the child. W.H.O. did not report that all drugs cross the placenta, and that there are "no" safe dosages of any chemical into her or her baby's person, because of the risk of any allergic reactions. W.H.O. is not supporting informed choice in any of its information - for developing countries or in democratic countries. Why not?
Please see this Petition to Protect Babies and Mothers Too to prevent harvesting of the child's placenta
blood and
the mother has informed choices:
www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/102580814
Please ask this site to have a Medical Alert Petition Site:
petitions@earth.case2.com
We need support, Internationally, to help Canada correct or investigate present training of all medical
persons who
will or intend to be at a mother's birth.
We need support for informed choices, of both parents, that our babies are not being harvested by
methods of
Active Management.
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION QUOTATIONS, CONTINUED ARE:
5.6 Immediate Care of the Newborn
" Directly after birth there should be attention
to the condition of the newborn. Such attention is an integral part
of care in normal birth, and the World Health Organization stresses the importance of a unified
approach to care of
the mother and the baby (WHO 1994c). Immediate care involves ensuring that the airway is clear, taking
measures to
maintain body temperature, clamping and cutting the cord and putting the baby to
the breast as early as possible. "
(Donna's Comments, again, W.H.O. is imposing cosmetic
removal as a directive imposed, not a request of the
parents or their right not to risk infections to the cord by the parents not clamping or cutting the
cord, or waiting to
do so at home, and protecting their baby from being removed from their sight where the placenta blood
may be
wrongfully syringed from the placenta vein...this would be robbing the baby of his/her whole blood and
nutrients in
it, a constitutional violation).
The World Health Organization continues:
"Each of these elements has been the object of considerable research and debate, but the present Technical Working Group for Normal Birth has the advantage of being able to refer to the work and recommendations of the Technical Working Group on Essential Care of the Newborn (WHO 1996). In the present report only a few aspects of the immediate care of the newborn will be briefly mentioned.
"Immediately after the birth the baby has to be dried with warm
towels or cloths, while being placed on the
mother's abdomen or in her arms. The baby's condition is assessed and the existence of a clear airway
is ensured (if
necessary) simultaneously. Maintaining the body temperature of the baby is important;
newborn babies exposed to
cold delivery rooms may experience marked drops in body temperature, and concurrent metabolic problems
. A fall in
infant temperature can be reduced by skin-to-skin contact between baby and mother.
"Early skin-to skin contact between mother and baby is important for
several other reasons. Psychologically it
stimulates mother and baby to get acquainted with each other. After birth babies are colonized by bacteria;
it is
advantageous that they come into contact with their mothers' skin bacteria, and that they are not colonized
by
bacteria from caregivers or from a hospital. All these advantages are difficult to prove, but nevertheless
they seem
plausible. Early suckling/breast-feeding should be encouraged, within the first hour after birth (WHO/UNICEF 1989).
The influence of nipple stimulation by the baby on uterine contractions and postpartum blood loss should
be
investigated. One randomized study has been performed (Bullough et al 1989), but
only with traditional birth
attendants. The influence of early suckling on blood loss could not be established.
However, a study with
professional birth attendants is needed.
" Cutting the cord should take place with sterile instruments, either
disposable, for instance from the clean delivery
kit, or thoroughly decontaminated by sterilization. This is of utmost importance for the prevention
of infections. "
(Comments of Donna Young: Again, no informed choice or right of the mother
to stop clamping or cutting of her
baby's cord that would stop the risk of germs getting into the cut cord and navel or causing navel hernias
by the
clamp on the cord).
The World Health Organization continues:
5.7 Care of the Mother Immediately after Delivery of the Placenta
"The placenta should be examined carefully to detect
abnormalities (infarcts, haematomas, abnormal insertion of
the umbilical cord), but above all to ensure that it is complete. If there is a
suspicion that part of the placenta is
missing, preparations should be made to explore the uterine cavity. If part of the
membranes are missing exploration
of the uterus is not necessary
.
" In some countries it is customary for birth
attendants routinely to explore the uterine cavity after every delivery,
"uterine revision". There is
not the slightest evidence that such policy is useful
; on the contrary,
it can cause
infection or mechanical trauma or even shock .
"The same holds true for another practice, the "lavage
of the uterus", the rinsing out or douching of the uterine
cavity after delivery.
"The mother should be observed carefully during the
first hour postpartum. The most important observations
include the amount of blood lost, and uterine fundal height: if the uterus contracts insufficiently
blood may
accumulate in the uterine cavity.
" If the blood loss is abnormal and the uterus is
contracting poorly, gentle abdominal massage of the uterus can
be helpful. It is essential to ensure that uterine contraction is not inhibited by the presence of a
full bladder.
" Abnormal blood loss, estimated more than 500 ml, should be treated with oxytocics: ergometrine
or oxytocin
intramuscularly. The condition of the mother is also important: blood pressure, pulse and
temperature, and general
well-being should be assessed.
(Comments of Donna Young: Again, they are assuming the mother has no right to reject the use
of drugs, often with
questionable preservatives in them, like Chlorobuntanol, even mercury preservatives).
_____________________
The World Organization continues:
Evaluation
The process of collecting and analysing information at regular intervals about the effectiveness and impact of the programme.
Gasping
Occasional breaths with long pauses in between, not sufficient breathing.
Health care institution
An institution where delivery care is provided by health workers with midwifery skills (health centre, maternity unit, hospital).
Malformation
Also congenital anomaly or birth defect. Any defect present at birth, probably of developmental origin.
Low birth weight
A birth weight of less than 2500 g.
Very low birth weight
A birth weight of less than 1500 g.
Live birth weight
The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life.
Monitoring
The ongoing process of collecting and analysing information about the implementation of the activity such as newborn resuscitation.
Neonatal death
Death of a live-born infant during the first 28 completed days of life. May be subdivided into early neonatal death, occurring during the first seven days of life, and late neonatal death, occurring after the seventh day but before 28 completed days of life.
Perinatal death
Death of a fetus or a newborn in the perinatal period that commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500 g) and ends seven completed days after birth.
Policy
A written statement used to guide and determine present and future decisions about standards of care.
Post-term
42 completed weeks or more (294 days or more) of gestation.
Pre-term
Less than 37 completed weeks (less than 259 days) of gestation.
Standard of care
Professionally developed detailed written statement used to guide procedures.
Sterilization
The complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores. It can be achieved by dry heat or steam under pressure.
Stillbirth*
The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, of at least 22 weeks gestation or 500 grams, which after separation did not show any signs of life.
Term
From 37 completed weeks to less than 42 completed weeks (259 to 293 days) of gestation.
* For the purposes of this document the official WHO definition was modified.
__________________________________
Gender and reproductive rights
Advancing Safe Motherhood through Human Rights
Ref. WHO/RHR/01.5
Price: Free of charge - Language: English
Table of contents/Full text (html & PDF) How to order
Executive summary
This report considers how human rights laws can be applied to relieve the estimated 1,400 deaths
world-wide that
occur every day, an annual mortality rate of 515,000, that women suffer because they are pregnant. Human
rights
principles have long been established in national constitutional and other laws and in regional and
international
human rights treaties to which nations voluntarily commit themselves. The intention of the report is
to facilitate
initiatives by governmental agencies, nongovernmental groups and, for instance, international organizations
to
foster compliance with human rights in order to protect, respect and fulfill women’s rights to safe
motherhood.
_______________________
Glossary, still born neonate deaths
http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/MSM_98_1/MSM_98_1_glossary.en.html
Birth asphyxia
In this paper the term is used for failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. It is not used as a predictor of outcome.
Birth attendant
A trained person with midwifery skills providing delivery care for mother and newborn.
Birth weight
The first weight of the newborn, measured to the nearest five grams. It is usually obtained within the first hours of birth.
Evaluation
The process of collecting and analysing information at regular intervals about the effectiveness and impact of the programme.
Gasping
Occasional breaths with long pauses in between, not sufficient breathing.
Health care institution
An institution where delivery care is provided by health workers with midwifery skills (health centre, maternity unit, hospital).
Malformation
Also congenital anomaly or birth defect. Any defect present at birth, probably of developmental origin.
Low birth weight
A birth weight of less than 2500 g.
Very low birth weight
A birth weight of less than 1500 g.
Live birth weight
The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life.
Monitoring
The ongoing process of collecting and analysing information about the implementation of the activity such as newborn resuscitation.
Neonatal death
Death of a live-born infant during the first 28 completed days of life. May be subdivided into early neonatal death, occurring during the first seven days of life, and late neonatal death, occurring after the seventh day but before 28 completed days of life.
Perinatal death
Death of a fetus or a newborn in the perinatal period that commences at 22 completed weeks (154 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500 g) and ends seven completed days after birth.
Policy
A written statement used to guide and determine present and future decisions about standards of care.
Post-term
42 completed weeks or more (294 days or more) of gestation.
Pre-term
Less than 37 completed weeks (less than 259 days) of gestation.
Standard of care
Professionally developed detailed written statement used to guide procedures.
Sterilization
The complete destruction of all microorganisms, including spores. It can be achieved by dry heat or steam under pressure.
Stillbirth*
The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, of at least 22 weeks gestation or 500 grams, which after separation did not show any signs of life.
Term
From 37 completed weeks to less than 42 completed weeks (259 to 293 days) of gestation. (42 weeks / 4 = 10.5 months).
* For the purposes of this document the official WHO definition was modified.
_______________________________________________________________
W.H.O: Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth Care, 1999.
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
in particular,
chapters 5.5; 5.6; 6.1; 6.3.
W.H.O: ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE, Report of the technical Working Group
(Trieste, 25-29 April 1994): cleanliness, clean delivery and clean cord care
for
prevention and control of nosocomial, newborn and hospital infections - mother and child:
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM9313/essential_newborn_care.htm
(Sizes of pages mentioned are of A4 paper size).
In two articles; "Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence"
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
and " Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth
Care"
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM96-24/msm9624.htm
the authors, and the conclusions and
recommendations, state that cutting of the cord should take place with a sterile disposable instrument,
or thoroughly
decontaminated by sterilization. This is of utmost importance for the prevention of infections. Although
no attendant
in practice will admit to the use of non-sterile devices during childbirth, it may happen from time
to time that in the
absence of sterile scissors, they may use previously used episiotomy scissors.
In "Care of the Umbilical Cord" Page 12
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
"Timing of cord
clamping" end of paragraph: "
The cord should be shielded with a sterile covering to minimize blood spraying during
the procedure.
"
"In Page 4, "Importance of cord care"; "
In developed countries, individual cases and epidemics of cord infections
continue to occur, even in supposedly aseptic nurseries for newborns. Neonatal tetanus and cord infections
continue to be an important
cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. "
In two articles; "Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence"
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
and
"Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth Care"
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM96-24/msm9624.htm
the
authors, and the conclusions and recommendations, state that
early or relatively early clamping of the cord is
mandatory after oxytocin administration is practiced
. "
The reason for this statement
is to avoid the transfer of different drugs,
(administered to the mother during
childbirth), to the newborn via the Umbilical Cord. The practice of
administering drugs to the mother during childbirth
is common in most developed countries.
In developing countries or home childbirth,
when no drugs are used, it is
suggested that clamping be delayed, even until cessation of peristaltic movements in the cord
.
In ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE, Report of the technical Working Group, Page 5
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM93-13/essential_newborn_care.htm
, in "The essential newborn care
interventions are: 1. Cleanliness: clean delivery and clean cord care for the prevention of
newborn infections (
tetanus and sepsis )".
In " Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence ", page 13
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
in "Length of the cord stump" the authors recommend clamping the cord 3-4 cm clear
of the abdominal wall to avoid
pinching the skin or clamping a portion of the gut which, in very rare instances, may be inside the
cord. As a safety
procedure, it is recommended to leave a stump of at least 4cm when using Umbicut, the Umbilicus
of 4cm is within
the range suggested by WHO.
____________________________________________
As of: December 8, 2003:
From Dupont, TO QUOTE THEM:
W.H.O RECOMMENDATION - TREATMENT OF THE UMBILICAL CORD IN CHILDBIRTH
The World Health Organization (WHO) has emphasized in three recent publications regarding childbirth,
various
relevant recommendations on newborn healthcare procedures, including the treatment of the Umbilical
Cord:
W.H.O: Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence, 1999.
"article1.htm" http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
W.H.O: Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth Care, 1999.
"article2.htm http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM96-24/msm9624.htm in particular,
chapters 5.5; 5.6; 6.1; 6.3.
W.H.O: ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE, Report of the technical Working Group
(Trieste, 25-29 April 1994): cleanliness, clean delivery and clean cord care for
prevention and control of nosocomial, newborn and hospital infections - mother and child: "article3.htm"} http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM9313/essential_newborn_care.htm
(Sizes of pages mentioned are of A4 paper size).
In two articles; "Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence" "article1.htm"
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm and " Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth Care" "article2.htm"} http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM96-24/msm9624.htm the authors, and the conclusions and recommendations, state that cutting of the cord should take place with a sterile disposable instrument , or thoroughly decontaminated by sterilization. This is of utmost importance for the prevention of infections. Although no attendant in practice will admit to the use of non-sterile devices during childbirth, it may happen from time to time that in the absence of sterile scissors, they may use previously used episiotomy scissors.
In "Care of the Umbilical Cord" Page 12 {"article1.htm"} http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-
{HYPERLINK
"
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
"} 4/MSM-98-4.htm "Timing of cord clamping" end of
paragraph: " The cord should be shielded with a sterile covering to minimize blood spraying during
the procedure. "
In Page 4, "Importance of cord care"; "In developed countries, individual cases and epidemics
of cord infections
continue to occur, even in supposedly aseptic nurseries for newborns. Neonatal tetanus and cord infections
continue to be an important
cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries."
In two articles; "Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence" {HYPERLINK "article1.htm"}
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm
and "Recommended practical guidelines in Normal Birth
Care" {HYPERLINK "article2.htm"}
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM96-24/msm9624.htm
the authors, and the
conclusions and recommendations, state that early or relatively early clamping of the cord
is mandatory after
oxytocin administration is practiced.
The reason for this statement is to avoid the transfer of different drugs , (administered to the mother during childbirth), to the newborn via the Umbilical Cord. The practice of administering drugs to the mother during childbirth is common in most developed countries. In developing countries or home childbirth, when no drugs are used, it is suggested that clamping be delayed, even until cessation of peristaltic movements in the cord.
NOTE: I, personally, did not find this explanation when I reviewed these
web sites.
In ESSENTIAL NEWBORN CARE, Report of the technical Working Group, Page
5 {HYPERLINK "article3.htm"}
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM93-13/essential_newborn_care.htm
, in "The essential newborn care
interventions are: 1. Cleanliness: clean delivery and clean cord care for the prevention of newborn
infections
(tetanus and sepsis) ".
In "Care of the Umbilical Cord. A review of the evidence", page 13 {HYPERLINK "article1.htm"}
http://www.who.int/rht/documents/MSM98-4/MSM-98-4.htm in "Length of the cord stump" the authors
recommend
clamping the cord 3-4 cm clear of the abdominal wall to avoid pinching the skin or clamping a portion
of the gut
which, in very rare instances, may be inside the cord. As a safety procedure, it is recommended to leave
a stump of at
least 4cm when using Umbicut, the Umbilicus of 4cm is within the range suggested by WHO.
________________________________________
Note: PETITION www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/102580814
Please ask this site to have a Medical Alert Petition Site: petitions@earth.case2.com
We need support, Internationally, to help Canada correct or investigate present training of all medical
persons who
will or intend to be at a mother's birth.
We need support for informed choices, of both parents, that our babies are not being harvested by
methods of
Active Management.
Search this www.lotusbirth.com web site for : AAP policy, SOGC policy, ACOG policy; Placenta;
Fetus to Neonate
Circulation; 30-second clamping; World Health Organization and Dupont ; Circumcision ; Dr. Sarah Buckley's
Declaration ; Canadian Criminal Codes and when a baby is a person; and any other subject you may be
interested in
child birth. Search Lotusbirth
(Reference from Protect Babies
http://www.123-baby-birth.com
) Search at Google this web site for the " No Policies
" on equal protection to babies at from the various government officials who appointed representatives
to protect the
public on medical policies and practices; also the "No policies" of the various medical associations,
societies, and
colleges did not live up to no form of discrimination to women or the child of any kind. It is
believed they had a duty
to have a policy of equal protection and security of person, regardless of: age, mental or physical
disadvantages ;
race, color, social or marital status of the pregnant lady ; or belief or faith of the family, or genetic
type of blood
sought for by medical researchers, for stem cell matching, and use of white cells, mature red cells,
platelets,
enzymes, hormones, and plasma.
contact:
Donna Young, Mother and Grandmother
Home:
www.lotusbirth.com
References of research:
www.lotusbirth.com/doc/FEB2003Lotusbirth-110.htm
A medical web site to visit:
Note: PETITION Protect Babies and Mothers Too:
www.thepetitionsite.com/takeaction/102580814
Please ask this site to have a Medical Alert Petition Site:
petitions@earth.case2.com
December 9, 2003
_________________________________________
